Market Strategy Analysis on Montgras

Hung-Chang Huang 1467751 Case Questions MontGras 1. (a) To what conclusion can MontGras control its stimulate trade position, as opposed to being dominated by the country-of-origin exercise, and be perceived as a Chilean Wine? MontGras, the export-focused winery that was founded in 1992, unlike many separate Chilean wineries, actually possessed a consider open control on its own market position in the late 1990s and early 2000s.Although the boilers suit consumer learning towards Chilean wine products indicated that they need to put more than efforts to number a solid image globally and that their major advantage is the lowly determine, the situation might not necessarily hurt MontGras current market position if and only if the management the link between the decision to look at the quality scheme, rather than volume strategy, and the fact that Chilean wine lacked a proper image.By pursuing quality-oriented strategy, MontGras is able to further cultivate its brand cogni sance as a result of the success of the ultra-premiums(Ninquen line) and the super-premiums(Reserva line), and to eliminate the inefficient equal spent on the joint effort with Chilevid aimed at building a stronger image for the entire Chilean wine industry.Consequently, the problem of country-of-origin effect was, in fact, not significant enough that hampered MontGras merchandise position as dour as the confederation is fully understand what the appropriate marketing strategy is and adopt it with regard to different market ecologies of MontGras export destinations. (b) What implications does this have for marketing strategy? With the worldwide overproduction of vintages, competitions of wines in all segments were predicted more intense, specially in the basic segment, which traditionally accounted for nearly half of the market mete out of many countries, and 55% of MontGras total product in 2001.This indicates that already arrant(a) basic segment, with the smallest gross pro fit margin for all the players within the segment, would belong a less and less lucrative red ocean. On the other hand, with the recognition that the country-of-origin effect does not incur severe damage to the company as anticipated, MontGras is able to reallocate its advertising expense through and through emphasize on the brand, or on the product lines instead of building a stronger image of country-of-origin that would consume a huge portion of its dvertising expense, but shy of whether consumers in UK or US would buy their effort. Hence, both the two aforementioned(prenominal) factors might serve as a juncture for MontGras to reassess its occupation strategy, which could be broken into producing part and marketing part, in effect to come about the profitable business for long. 2. Evaluate the US and UK options separately. For each country, which option would you advocate and why? In MontGras major export market, UK, the company has already gained a substantial success t hat it ranked one of the 10 most Chilean wine exporters in harm of the value of products.In this picture, its teammate electrical distributor in UK had played an important role in MontGras UK penetration since 1996. Considering UK market feature, partner with leading supermarket chains such Tesbury is a comparatively feasible stylus to expand MontGras market share because these chain systems control more than 60% of all wine gross revenue. However, partner with Tesbury is not free from side effects. First, at initial collaboration phase, MontGras enjoyed a short term victory without stipendiary the cost of promotion.But in the future, is it able to reap without paying, or would Tesbury ask for more contribution from MontGras after it become too subservient to the large sell system? Second, partner with Tesbury could well create a supplanting effect that threatens its old partner distributor. Thus, my recommendation for MontGras in UK would be to diversify its distributor partn erships as a way to prevent over dependency, which would somehow unload uncertainty for MontGras positioning strategy in the long term.Also, in order to pave the way for future expansion in premium segment, MontGras should clutches records of the new marketing plan for Ninquen wines that if the targeting gross sales of 5,000 cases can cover the proposed GBP 20,000 and engender profit. In the highly fragmented US wine market, with regulatory three-tier scattering system, MontGras had to tackle business with importers, which are usually state-licensed wholesalers too. In addition, by the quaternary prescribed criteria in choosing a countable partner importer, MontGras should be able to prevent the failures from unsuccessful previous partnerships.The first candidate of its partner distributor, globe Wine Importers, a larger player that operated 200 brands with a 60-staff sales force, proposed to promote the Reserva line in a volume-oriented strategy with a price range of $8-$11 Cabo Imports, another candidate that operated 50 brands and a sales force of 35, clefted a distinct proposal for MontGras that it intend to raise consumers perception towards MontGras quality and pric range also to broaden the return for both parties through setting a price range $8-$15, and it also intend to forgo the Ninquen line as a flagship product targeted a $25 sell price.Although the partnership with World Wine Importers seems more lucrative to MontGras in terms of the sales generated by large amount basis, however, simply adopt the results from unbiased additive questions is obviously not sagacious enough for Mr. Middleton. In general, Cabo Importers would qualifying a great stage for Reserva(60% of the total), and the newly released Ninquen as well. Thus, accepting Cabo Importers offer would be advantageous for MontGras market position in US market.

An Informal Letter

Lot 6579, Gong Kepas Dalam Village, Alor Lintang,22200, Besut Terengganu,Malaysia. Dear Rowan Love, Im so pleased to capture your purple coloured letter in my mailbox this morning. (You put many raspberry shaped stickers on it It smells great ) So,youve been asking on how to simulate are of orphaned jackpots right? Okay,this is based on my previous understand when I found a three week year gray-haired jackpot in my school,I named her Gabby. (She is all grown up ) Basically,you need KMR (Kitten milk Replacer) or lactose free milk,a towel,tray,litter sand a syringe or cat milk bottle and wetfood.You may use dryfood but be veritable to ruffle it with water if the pool is below 2 months old. If the kitten shivers,wrap the kitten,not too tight or too loose and put it in your shirt as it cannot generate its own heat. Next,feed the kitten with KMR and wetfood. Remember,never feed the kitten wiith cow milk or lactose containing drink because cats are lactose intolerant,If you insist ,the kitten may suffering diarrhea which eventually leads to death. Second,create a kitten box,Just put a tray and litter sand and two layers of towels in a very big box or a medium-sized cage.Be sure to check the kittens stool. It shouldnt be too hard,too watery or with mucus. If it is consult to the veterinar today as the kitten may suffering a diarrhea. Okay,heres a some handy tips. If the kittens medication is syrup,use a syringe to give t to the kitten. If it is in a pill form,crush it inside a plastic bag and mix it with wetfood. Do not force feed unless you need to. Alright,thats all for now,I promise that answers your doubt. Refer to the net if my information is not sufficient for you. From your BFF, Syakeera.

Critical Review of Reappraising Cognitive Styles

This research is based on empirical user trial entropy and a sophisticated analysis. It tries to pronounce the validity of applying optic- oral preferences to an adaptive web-based educational system (AWBES) by examining user trials of a case demand. Previous researches are either focused on virtual(a) applications or based on inadequate ideal sizing of its.This research goes beyond former ones by employing user trials to collect critical selective information and at a time raising the core question of the effectiveness of the method. However, the flaws in method setting, data analysis, ambiguity in details and the claimed result put up in dubiety the conclusions suggested by the study. Method/Procedure In this research, students were firstly labeled as ocular, oral and bimodal learners through a computer rise, and hence put into conclaves with accomplishment essences either matched, or deliberately mismatched, or apathetic to their skill styles.Then tudents academ ic performances were compared to see the significance of differences between groups. Questions were enrold when the researchers excluded the verbal users from the statistical analysis due to the extremely small essay size (n=11). The study is supposed to examine three cognitive styles (visual, verbal, bimodal) therefore without the data of the verbal group, the study is incomplete. The study method is further impaired by two questionable grouping methods. The first questionable method states, impersonal students were given a mix of visual and verbal ontent, irrespective of their acquirement style (p. 30). If a bimodal user is randomly placed in a neutral group and given mixed content, then he will actually receive content twin(a) his learning style. Therefore, since he will end up in given content matching his learning style, it will be more appropriate tor the student to be placed in the matched group. Furthermore, both the matched group and neutral group pick out the same bi modal users given neutral contents. This leads to a doubt the study result which shows in large academic differences might be from the similarity of he group members rather than from the invalidity of the utilization.The second questionable method states, inconsistent students were given content that was contrary to their learning style (p. 330). If bimodal users are placed in the mismatched group, what content should be provided to them? Neither visual nor verbal content would be appropriate since they are both partially matched and partially mismatched to a bimodal user and the neutral content would be inappropriate either, since it matches the bimodal users cognitive style and ends up eing against the comment of the mismatched group.A table which illustrates the quantities of three cognitive-styled students distributed into matched/ mismatched/ neutral could help illuminate the grouping method. The computer test which distributed students into cognitive groups should employ de tails and examples of the test and the scoring system to clarify the fairness of the test. As for sampling, the sample size should be adequately enlarged to include an effective verbal sample the post-secondary students are a biased group which cant meet the variety of people.The learning module should be studied to see whether it is biased to/against any group/learning style. The quantity of excluded seldom-participating student should be mentioned to allow an exact sample size in the study. Experiment Results The insignificant convey differences in Table2 to Table6 eradicate hypothesises 1, 2 and 3. As for hypothesis 4, in order to reject it, the authors should pellucidity why one mean difference (67. 5-60. 0=7. 5) is greater than half(prenominal) of the related standard deviation (1 1. 56112=5. 78) in Table 7, which compares visual, neutral and verbal groups.The explanation, upon testing these statistically, there is actually no significance between them (p. 333) is ambiguous . Thus, the mean differences are not unanimously consistent with the result claimed by the authors that neither the cognitive styles of students nor contents differentiated by the styles contribute to make significant differences in students academic performance. The p comforts from the statistical analysis (p=. 62, p=. 63, p=. 67) are substantially greater than the low p value (less than . 05 or better less than . 01).The high p values raise the question that the sample selection might lack diversity, and may then further affected the result of the study. Discussion The authors conclusion that matched/ mismatched learning materials dont contribute to students learning effect, is not consistent with the aforeclaimed conclusion which concerns the effect of visual and bimodal styles of students and contents. The authors psychological conclusion that cognitive styles per se are not a validate means of personalising the learning experience is not wholly consistent ith the result which only concerns visual and bimodal styles.

The Positive Effect of Capital Punishment in Modern America

Ronnie Kuester Dr. Borgmeyer Eng. Comp. II 30 Sept. 2010 The Positive Effect of Capital penalization in Modern America I dont value you should support the dying penalisation to turn aroundk revenge. I dont think thats right. I think the reason to support the stopping point penalization is because it saves other races lives (Bush). Capital penalty is unrivaled of the almost controversial topics in the American society and is likewise one of the topics most great deal feel very emotional about. Everyone feels that their views are dress because there are humany pros and cons to either side.Although some people cerebrate the risk of executing the innocent is too great, the use of chief city punishment has greatly impacted our society in a positive look because of its deterring do, economic benefits, and the prevailing of only whenice. The deterrent frame is definitely one of the biggest benefits to having capital punishment. When people have the knowledge that the y could be attaind for k complainting somebody else it often turns them a appearance from shipting the murder. Tanner from Fort-Worth Star Telegram thinks that the deterrent effect has paraden to prevent between three and eighteen murders(Wood 601).Most people in current America have heard of the expiration penalty, yet they gloss over excite the umbrages that are punishable by death. Since people know about it and still do it, they are basic anyy accepting the sentence, unless they are mentally ill and in which cause do non get sentenced to death. Naci Mocans study, from the University of Colorado, bespeak that, Statistical stu go againsts like his are among a dozen papers since 2001 that show capital punishment has deterrent effects(Wood 602). Abolitionists argue that the deterrent effect is only estimates and are not actually proven to deter murders.However, knowing, by dint of many studies, that three to eighteen innocent people could be deliver by executing each co nvicted killer greatly outweighs the benefits to letting the murderer off the hook. Although, the deterrent effect is the sterling(prenominal) benefit to having capital punishment, the economic problem is also very important. A suggested alternative to the death penalty is emotional state in prison without unloosen. This upsets many of the taxpayers, as it should. An article in The Economist states, the idea of spending public money to feed and garb murderers for the rest of their lives revealmed outrageous(Economist 605).Is there a difference to sentencing life in prison or executing someone? In the end they die a captive man. It is delaying the inevitable, but not many people see that. It is not very fair giving man his freedoms afterwards he has taken the lives of others. He himself has not respected the life and liberty that all people should have. Once you take away someones life yours should be taken in return. That is, only if it is murder in the depression degree and the murder was committed intentionally. After being sentenced to life without parole their court dates are not do.Money forecloses getting wasted in the courts after the sentencing. Most convicts are still trying to get a rock-bottom sentence or get parole. Convicts passing play through trials for the death penalty and life in prison often have to wait a very long time, which in the process is spending a heap of the tax payers money. Either way, life in prison or the death penalty on average they wait a decade out front a decision is made or the execution is carried out. Other than deterring crime and being economically beneficial, capital punishment also allows justice to prevail.Justice seems to unendingly prevail, but in some instances, this is not the occurrence. However, no innocent benignant has been execute through the use of DNA examination. Only the convicts who commit the worst, most heinous of crimes are even put on death row. Abolitionists see that the brass i s just putting to death someone. However, like the quote at the beginning, the establishment does not have the death penalty just to seek revenge. That is not what the death penalty is about. It is about justice being served and letting people know that murdering will not be acceptable.The government does not execute people to flaunt its power, Foucault agrees when he states, It is ugly to be punishable, there is no glory in punishing(Foucault 10). It is because of this that America, along with many other nations, has done away with torturing as well. The government does respect points of the abolitionists saying it is not right torturing the convicts or causing extreme pain. They have changed their slipway making the execution more humane. In our advance(a) society we do not torture death row inmates anymore.Foucault states that, today we are instead inclined to ignore it perhaps, in its time, it gave rise to too much idealistic rhetoric perhaps it has been attributed too read ily and too emphatically to a process of humanization, thus dispensing with the need for further analysis(Foucault 7). It was mind that torture was a corrective procedure that if they were tortured they would not commit the crime again. However, it is viewed as inhumane to inflict pain on an one-on-one to teach them discipline, especially if they are being put to death anyway. So now we use more humane ways to put people to death that involve little to no pain.Lethal injection is the most modern and safe way to put someone to death. It was first employ in 1977 in Oklahoma but took five years before it was utilize on someone. All of the states except one that have the death penalty use lethal injection. The inmate being punish is bound depressed and has his heart being monitored. Then, they insert two needles into the veins injecting the inmate with Sodium Thiopental. This is an anesthetic(a) which renders the inmate unconscious. Next flows pavulon or Pancuronium Bromide, whic h paralyzes the entire muscle system and shekels the inmates preathing. Finally, the flow of potassium chloride stops the heart.Death results from anesthetic overdoes and respiratory and cardiac arrest while the condemned person is unconscious (Methods). This technique used does not hurt the inmate, which is one of the reasons abolitionists are upset about the death penalty. As for any other method, they get pretty painful and or messy. Death by electrocution, hanging, and gas chamber are all exceedingly painful and do not kill the inmate right away. non only does justice prevail through the government when someone is executed but also people get a religious satisfaction. The watchword specifically states that the death penalty is alright. Whoso sheddeth mans blood, by man shall his blood be shed for in the image of God made he man(Genesis 96). The reason why it is believed people should be executed for killing other human being is because we were made in Gods image and destroy ing or killing that is major offense to God. The Bible also informs its readers that none shall take ransom or money in rally for the murderers life. This is where the justice comes into play. God does not want the government taking money in exchange for someones life. In modern day terms it would be equivalent to posting release or just receiving a fine.That would be unrealistic to do in the case of a murderer being put to death. Abolitionists believe that we should not play God and only those who have not sinned be the ones to hear and cast the first stone so to speak. What most do not realize is that, according to the Bible, God thinks that these murderers should be killed. God is not going to just smite them down. Humans figured out and have understand the Bible and its meanings when saying these things about the death penalty. Most abolitionists greatest problem with the death penalty is executing the innocent. Executing the innocent is extremely rare.Hundreds of people ha ve been released from death row due to DNA testing proving their innocence. This does not mean that they were executed. It is excellent that these people were not wrongly executed and it is because of modern technology that it can be appreciated. However, executing those who have been, without a doubt guilty of committing murder in the first degree should be executed. Throughout the use of DNA testing to possibly help the case of either side, there have been zero cases where and innocent human has been executed. Abolitionists keep seeing that the death penalty is still used despite the way they feel.So they begin to say things like, Killing a murderer does not commence his victim back to life. It achieves nothing but the death of still another person(Robinson). As stated at the beginning of this paper, by having the death penalty be legal it deters certain crime, has economic benefits, and it allows justice to be served. No matter what abolitionists are doing, most of their ideas k eep getting mutable down. There is a reason the majority has always sided with the death penalty, because it just helps out our modern American society.Works Cited Bush, George W. Presidential Debate Washington University athletic Complex. University of St. Louis. 17 Oct. 2000. Speech. Descriptions of Execution Methods. Deathpenaltyinfor. org. Death Penalty Information Center. Web. 22 Sept. 2010. . Foucault, Michel. Chapter 1. 1979. landing field and penalisation. Trans. Alan Sheridan. 3-18. Print. King James Version Bible. Genesis 96. 2004. Robinson, Bruce A. Capital Punishment the Death Penalty. ReligiousTolerance. org by the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. 04 Aug. 2007. Web. 22 Sept. 2010. . Wood, Nancy V. Perspectives on Argument. sixth ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009. Print. (601-613).

Territory and borders are increasingly irrelevant in todays global economy

The natural way we imagine the concept of territory and b values is through a domain assure, since defining one is a turn of events of a tricky task just for our purposes, a nation state can be defined as one which has a function centralised government put in place that possesses the ability to serve authority over a distinctive territory. Unless youre over the progress sixty youve only ever k at one timen a ground of nation states. Nationhood and empire read long been the dominant way weve organized ourselves economically, politically and socially or at least the way that other mint piss organized us, the ottomans to former Soviet Union and the United States be great examples, but the global market exceeds that level of regulate or with no fixed borders.The shrinking world concept best describes the globalisation process with regional integration, plus increasing transborder flows, put a plentiful question mark on the importance of state sovereignty and territorial reserve borders with more Internationalisation taking place. However in the mitts of this global downswing state sovereignty and territorial borders have taken resurgence in importance so liberalisation that took place in the boom old age is now being met with serious criticism. Quote by The Economist The world became as tightly linked, economically, as it had ever been. It makes perfect sense that a downturn anyw here would be abide by a downturn everywhere.Previously Borders were meet less of significant issue in Europe, since the European Union was constituted back in 1957 with six original members states which now include nineteen more in this economic and political wedlock centralised in Brussels. The ability of free movement of EU citizens surrounded by member states plus the easy transfer of goods to trade in 27 economies with lower taxation be obvious incentives to join, however with the decision making coming from one centralised location by imposing polices that have not been produced and approved by someone states means the ability of those individual representatives have a tougher time in truly representing the interest of their people, this would be more challenging for minority members to adopt a equal set up so as more established members.By trying to get rid of these barriers contributed unintentionally to internal divisions, resulting in stronger claim of peripheral borders. Events such(prenominal) as the ones which occurred in the Arab world have contributed to an already tense item with patrols in the Mediterranean built up now titling Europe shield Europe. Only the India- Pakistan, the Senkaku Islands conflict and Cambodia-Thailand probably the most blatant incidences of the frequent conditional relation of borders.The contrast effects globalisation can have on twain different nation states, the tiny Mediterranean state of Monaco smallest country in the world after Vatican City to Ethiopia 27th largest country in the be comple te polar opposites. Monaco being is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and harming climate. The principality also is a major banking center and has successfully sought-after(a) to diversify into usefulnesss and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries. So will argueEthiopias economy on the reliant on agricultural employing eighty five percent of its manpower which suffers from poor farming practices and regular occurring droughts which is made worst their borders is being compromised by the participation in transnational agency by the effects of the intensify green house effect. So the size of territory is insignificant Monaco wise(p) already thats its at a disadvantage referable to size with no recognised natural resources has specialized itself into a service based sectors employing 95% of its workforce which has a better compatibility with todays globalized world. A viewpoint which you receive might come from someone with a more nationalistic that says that the significant of territory and borders are more serious to today than at any other period in time, you whitethorn point forth the significant gross domestic product and wealth destructions difference between Monaco and Ethiopia as a clear winner in the discussion but Monaco role and the activities it plays in the global market place leave it kinda unsafe.The dependence on its service sector in areas such as banking and tourism for its economic growth and stability has left it quite vulnerable to a downturn experienced in neighbouring France and other European economies which are the principalitys main trade partners. In 2009, Monacos GDP fell by 11.5% as the euro-zone crisis precipitated a sharp drop in tourism and retail activity and home sales. A modest recuperation ensued in 2010 with GDP growth of 2.5%, but Monacos economic prospects persist in clouded in uncertainty tied to future euro-zone growth. Weak economic growth also has deteriorated public finances as the principality record a budget deficit of 1.9% of GDP in 2010. Ethiopia may not have the same ability to generate has a power forepart in human history with all three abrahamic faiths origins begin here so more integrated westernized Ethiopia would be a sad wooly for mankind so it will come down to what you value.To conclude on the whole, the sovereignty or the ability of nation states to uphold power and influence in its own recognised territory is deteriorating everyday in order to keep their economic stability and a competitive nature since it involve to open their markets due to globalisation. But the idea of the nation state has come under some questioning as of late some have actually questioned the nation state of ever being previously exclusively economically independent as false. Its difficult to finger out an answer but I would say globalisation hasnt bankrupt the influence of the nation state but condition under which their impinge on power is executed.

Miley Cyrus

I guess you are wrote some word active you male parentt have to talk to the highest degree. You have to go on the middle of the way. Yours writer wrote about full of lie or spite matters about Miley Cyrus. I get so angry about it because she female genitals do every thing she wants. Im not a Miley fan or something like that still the intelligence information is very grown for her. She has a family too like us. If you want to guard a news about Miley Cyrus or someone else you have to talk right and dont judge people what they are doing. Thats why Im writing this letter to you.First of all, the editor is so mean about Mileys choice this is her choice you shouldnt make a detect about it. If there is some businesss about her life her father or mother will get a protection about the her problem Secondly, Your news have to be more serious and objective but you are doing the all stupid and idiot, news. I on the nose wanted that from you is just take your business. You dont hav e to talk bad thing to get an attention. You just can make of high quality news Thirdly, you can make more visible news like videos or photos.I dont want to read the same things please make a difference in the magazine news. All these things considered, I intuitive feeling I need to be compensated. In addition, I demand that you rectify the news at your website or shut it down because of the silly and spare news. If you do not do either of these, I will work it to the authorities myself. Please contact me at the address above or the following email address emailprotected com I would love to hear from you as soon as possible. I want to read more safe(p) and valuable news. Take care, writer

Landslide Limo Service Essay

In regards to you entreat I have created a electric incumbent occupation compliance plan for Bradley Stonefield to ensure the process of kickoff a new business go away be successful. Bradley Stonefield has explained his desire to buy the farm a Limousine comp either within the Austin TX bea. Bradley Stonfield has indicated that his goal is to have25 employees within the first year of operation. The memo is to discuss and provide under(a)way traffic justnesss and the consequences for non-compliance with verbalize laws. Employment laws are created to protect the employer as well as the employee, failure to comply with any state or federal employee law could have an end result of complete failure, especially for smaller or new organizations. Non-compliance with work laws outho drug abuse result in large or unaffordable penalties or severe actions. The memo will address 4 employment laws some are specific to Texas and the repercussion for non-compliance with said laws. Th e motor letter carrier precaution advantage act of 1999, the equal employment act EEOC of 1972, employment at will for Texas, and Texas workers earnings act. The motor carrier safety im rebelment act of 1999The Department of Transportation (DOT) established a separate regime with the Federal force Safety Administration on January 1 1999. (FMCSA, 2014) A limousine expediency has a standard set of regulations for smaller vehicles and big capacity vehicles the company essential register with the FMCSA and have a current motor carrier identification report with the USDOT, must be current every two years. Each service vehicle must be insured with a minimum of the federal regulated minimum coverage in the event of a motor vehicle accident. The service human action one wood must have and keep a current C chassis state drivers liberty that includes a passenger endorsement. whole drivers pre-employment must submit to a drug/alcohol test and must be willing to submit to random testing. Any service vehicle with the capacity to carry more than 9 persons and no more than 15 persons, the driver may non exceed a impulsive age of 10 hours.The driver/s must complete a safety inspection and maintain a vehicle safety and maintenance logarithm before each trip prior to leaving the designated parking areas. entirely drivers must have a current drivers license for the state and valid, and must either provide consent to have employer request driving records or provide current copies. Every vehicle that is employ for service must be marked with a USDOT registration number and kept current. The company must keep and maintain all driving records/accident reports for drivers and vehicles for the past three years to current. (Federal limousine service and regulations, 2014) blow to comply with federal regulations could result in a number of fees and penalties disappointment to maintain current DOT and license records croupe be up to or exceed $100.00 per violation, failure to maintain drug and alcohol records stub be a fine up t0 $1000.00 per violation, failure to maintain current driving records can be a fine up to $2500.00 per employee, and any employee that is cited for using a vehicle during work hours for anything other than to transport a paying customer can result in up to a $10,000.00 fine. The equal employment act EEOC of 1972The EEOC protect any persons from employment discrimination collectible to sex, color, religion, national origin, age, disabilities, political views, marital or family status, or internal orientation. Failure to comply with EEOC laws can result in several pillow slips for discrimination, TSU cleaning womans basketball coach won a lawsuit in the sums of $730,000.00 for sexualdiscrimination in 2011. She was originally hired in 2008 and thusly ended shortly after, she had been threatened with a demotion and compared to a mens coach Tony Harvey and this was terms for a lawsuit. Failure to comply with the cu rrent EEOC laws can result in a lawsuit as such and when an employee is terminated this example shows that no employee regardless of who they are should not be discriminated against due to personal feelings. Texas at-will employmentThe general rule in Texas, and in just about states, is that absent a specific agreement to the contrary, employment may be terminated by the employer or the employee at will, for good cause, bad cause, or no cause at all. (Employment at will Doctrine in Texas Appellate case law 2010) Even though is a at-will or right to work state federal laws still apply, if an employee is on a contracted time they are exempt from the at will law. In an organization that embraces the at will employer law, the employer must also agree to that an employee will not be terminated unless it is for good reason, if an employee is performing alright work of higher they are not exempt but they are also not at risk.Again failure to comply can result in a large and/or detriment al lawsuit to the company. The supreme court recognized in Montgomery County that the courts must conservatively distinguish between carefully developed employer representation upon which an employee may justifiably rely, and general platitudes, vague assurances, praise, and indefinite promises of permanent continued employment (Employment at will Doctrine in Texas Appellate case law 2010) Texas workers fee actThe workers earnings act is designed to tentatively and temporarily substitute the takings for a worker when employment hours are missed due to an on the job injury/injuries. The law only applies when an employee is able to prove that they were injured on the job/on the clock, they are entitled to a percentage of there regular earnings and medical care for said injuries. Texas is the only state that is able to choose not to offer workers compensation in Texas less than 40% will opt out of the workers compensation coverage.An employer that has chosen to enroll with the wo rkers compensation, the threat of a law suit for not paying medical bills, orpaying a portion of wages is not a possibility, for the remaining 40% of employers who do not use workers compensation are suspect to possible lawsuits that could include coverage up to full wages for time missed. Texas employees are also able to blood to pay into workers compensation, and there are limitations to collecting of filing for workers compensation If the employee is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, if the employee suffered from a self-induced injury, the injury was caused by a non-employee or was for personal reasons, or the injury was obtained while off duty.ReferencesFMCSA. (January 1, 2014) retrieved from Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration http//www.fmcsa.dot.gov/mission Federal limousine service and regulations. (2014) Retrieved from Limo service & limousine service regulations http//www.airportcommuter.com/worldwide/federal_limo_regulations.htm Employment at will Doctrine in Texas Appellate case law (2010) retrieved from Texas opinions http//www.texas-opinions.com/law-employment-at-will.html

Effects of Bio fuels on the Environment Essay

Bio fire is a theatrical role of provide that is do out of both living or lifeless biological material and specifically, the plants as per the definition given by Shepardson, (2009). accord to Shepardson, most bio fuels atomic number 18 in the form of esters, alcohols among differents and a near example of this type of fuel is bio ethanol and bio diesel. This fuel is mostly apply in vehicles and for it to be considered as a bio fuel jibe to Connor Steve (2008), it essential consist of some 80% of renewable materials.The production of this kind of fuel has been said to be impacting negatively on the bandment however though this is the case, the benefits of bio fuels potentiometer non be dismissed altogether. As a result of this disagreement, a dissever of discussions cede been held over this issue whatsoeverthing that has polarized the society between those who argue that it does non impact negatively on the environment and those that chief(prenominal)tain that it do es. This becomes the basis of this demonstrate where the paper will take a stand and support the claims that hence bio fuels impact negatively on the environment.According to Mongobay. com (2008), there argon diverse types of bio fuels and one of these is E10 which over time has been greatly improved in toll of quality in that initially it contained about 90 percent of fossil oil and 10 percent of ethanol but of late it is called E100 be ingest it is almost made up of ethanol alone and about 4 percent of wet. The designing of this type of fuel tally to Shepardson (2009) is something that has greatly revolutionised the transport industry.These fuels have especially been cited as one of the best focal points to reduce green digest gas emissions impertinent it is the case with former(a) types of fuel especially fossil fuels. Even though they be praised for this, the negative environmental consequences they have are innumerable. One of these do according to a scientific s tudy that was conducted in 2008 contradicts the alleged potential of this fuel to reduce greenhouse gases such as vitamin C dioxide among others this is as per the Mongobay. com (2008). As per this study, Mongobay.com (2008) argues that growing harvestings with an aim of producing bio fuel leads to an development in the measure of atomic number 6 paper dioxide in the aura. This claim according to the jet-propelled plane Website. co. uk is given weight by reports that were published in a perception journal k nowadaysn as Journal Science that showed that plants that are specifically grown for the production of this fuel produce more than carbon dioxide than what these plants fecal matter naturally absorb. According to these scientists Mongobay (2008), it would take decades to reverse the trend or to ratio what they termed as carbon debt.Or in other words the amount of oxygen released to the atmosphere in the course of growing these crops and is yet to be absorbed. The US and the European Union have particularly been on the avant-garde in propagating the idea for the production of biomass as the surest way of controlling ball-shaped warming (Shepardson, 2009). According to Shepardson this has forced researchers from all over the gentleman who aims at p putrefyecting the environment to conduct researches in their bid to understand stop how this would impact on the environment.One of the researches that were conducted as per the report compiled by Connor, (2008) shown that clear Amazons forested filth to grow soybeans would create a carbon debt that would take 319 years to be restored not mentioning the magnitude in which forests and bushes would be destroyed to grow these crops Production of biomass is labour intensive and requires a big land according to Sawahei (2009), what this means is that a destiny of bushes and forests are cleared to produce raw materials for bio fuel thereby leaving the launch with no cover thereby increasing the possi bility of soil corroding taking place.To Sawahei, the world requires large tracts of land for it to feed its population now amounting over six billions. By growing biomass as an alternative stemma of fuel would require more land that what is mandatory for growing crops as per the natural process for Global Health (2008) and eventually there will be no natural floras as all land will any have been cultivated for crop production or biomass production or both. According to the body process for Global Health (2008), this greatly destroys the environment considering that vegetation cover protects soil erosion and again it is a habitat to millions of living organism species (Sawahei, 2009).Apart from this, the risk of polluting water sources with phosphates and nitrates from fertilizers that are applied to boost crop production are very high (Biofuel, 2003). Water is also grime by chemicals that are utilize in the production of biomass such as pesticides sprayed to get rid of pes ts that attack and destroy these plants. These chemicals not only sully water but they also kill micro organisms present in the soil that in one way or the other cargo area the eco system working (Action for Global Health.2008). Rogercopenh (2008) contends that by the United States embarking on campaigns to hale for the use of bio fuels might mislead many third world countries into interchange land meant for growing food crops for biomass production because of the money this business would bring. According to Rogercopenh (2008) this might in turn lead to the encroachment of forests and other natural habitats which are home to millions of wild animals.It should also not be forget that when this green matter is harvested, there are chances that some will rot thereby producing a very bad smell and apart from rotting, some of these plants produce bad odour naturally and thus they are an environmental hazard in that they pollute the air. As per the evidence given by Franke and Reinh erdt (1998), Bio fuel also kills biodiversity in terms of the variety of plants growing in a field. For biomass to be produced in large quantity, enough to keep the world going, then its production must be professionally done.What this means according to Franke and Reinherdt (1998) is that a whole field is filled with only one type of plants leading to what is known as monoculture and by doing this, other types of plants are not given a chance to grow something that indirectly leads to their extinction (Franke and Reinherdt, 1998). In doing this according to Randooke (2009), animal are also not spared in that deforestation must take place, grasslands must be cleared and wetlands are destroyed.The justice is that these areas are habitat to many species of animals and thus what this means is that these species will be killed while others are displaced. Trees naturally preserve water catchments areas and thus when land is prepared for the cultivation these reserves are destroyed (Ran dooke, 2009). According to the Action for Global Health, (2008) the whole bio fuel production process requires a lot of energy and basically the type of energy that is used is fossil fuel.The short letter raised by the Action for Global Health (2008) is that the amount of carbon that is emitted by burning bio fuels is absorbed by crops that are grown advisedly for bio fuels production but the problem is that the amount of carbon that is emitted during their production considering that carbon emitted during planting, spraying, treating and harvesting season where machines that uses fossil fuels is not cleared from the air.This claim is support by Sawahei, (2009) who argues that even after these crops are harvested, more carbon is emitted to the atmosphere in that coal or other forms of fossil fuels such as gas are used to heat the raw materials that are used in the production of bio fuels. Though bio fuels are heavily criticised in that they cause serious negative environmental ram ifications according to Connor (2008), there are other various researches that have been done which prove otherwise.Researches show that production of other forms of fuel such as fossil fuel leads to the release of more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than it is the case with bio fuels (Science for environmental policy, 2008). One research that powerfully supports this claim is the one that was done in the United Kingdom. According to the same source, what they call first generation process Life Cycle Analysis, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by over sixty percent unlike other forms. As per Biofuels (2003), the second generation process carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by over 80 percent.Generally according to this report, carbon dioxide emissions can be saved by an average of about 50 to 60 percent. Another advantage of using this kind of fuel according to the Greencar website (2009) is that bio fuel does not contain sulphur which is one of the main components that ca uses acid rains. Also considering that it is made by bio degradable materials, its chances of destroying the soil are commencement unlike other fuels such as fossil fuels which contaminate water sources and destroy soil when they leak into them (Science for environmental policy, 2008).In consideration of the great evidence that is provided here above, one is justified to say that biofuels are an environmental hazard. There are a lot of researches that have been done by different researchers and most of them point to the fact that the production of bio fuels produces many effects that in one way or the other destroys the eco system for example, fertilizers that are applied on crops meant to produce biomass releases phosphates and nitrates thereby destroying soil and water.Another way through which biofuels destroys the environment is that despite the fact that a lot of forests and bushes have already been cleared for crop production, more land is snow needed for biomass production something that leads to soil erosion due clearance of bushes and the destruction of habitats that are home to many species. This indirectly leads to the extinction of these species whether plant or animals.Bibliography Action for Global Health. 2008. New study demonstrates bio fuels negative impact on poverty, crave and environment.Available at http//docs. google. com/gview? a=v&q=cacheelry2KJk0UgJec. europa. eu/environ ment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/1si4. pdf+biofuels+,+negative+impacts+,e nvironment&hl=en&gl=ke Biofuel, 2003. Bio diesel Impacts on the environment. http//www. biofuelus. com/biofuel/biodiesel/biodiesel-impact-on-the- environment. php Connor Steve, 2008. Biofuels make climate change worse, Scientific Study concludes. Available at http//www. independent. co. uk/environment/climate-change/biofuels- make-climate-change-worse-scientific-study-concludes-779811. html

Electronic media Of Pakistan

1. What is electronic media? Electronic Media be those discourse long suits which ar based on electronic or electromechanical means of production and most often high-and-mighty from print media. The primary electronic media sources familiar to the general public ecumenic include radio, sound recordings, television, video recording and streaming ne dickensrk circumscribe . It denotes, the main means of communicating with self-aggrandising number of citizenry, especi bothy television, radio, internet and satellite. The electronic media welcome quaternion prefatorial functions to inform, entertain, educate and determine the public opinion.The 20th atomic number 6 can be termed as the century of communication. The main mean of mass communication grew in succession as the century unfolded. Motion pictures arrived on scene in the first ten dollar bill of this century. Regular radio broadcasts started in 1920s. Television entered the argonna in 1940s, followed by cable telev ision in 1950s, and satellite television in 1970s. finally the personal computer gave access to Internet in 1980s. It transformed the incorporate computer nedeucerks through World Wide Web by the 1990s. . 2 Influence of electronic mediaIn the tolerate 50 years the media influence has prominent significantly with the advance of applied science, first there was the telegraph, then the radio, the discussionpaper, magazines, television and like a shot the internet. We live in a corporation that depends on knowledge and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our insouciant operateivities like work, entertainment, health cargon, t all(prenominal)ing, personal relationships, travelling and anything else that we energise to do. What we need to be aw atomic number 18 is that most of our decisions, beliefs and values atomic number 18 based on what we screw for a fact, our assumptions and our own experience.In our work we usually know what we pay off to do b ase on our experience and studies, however on our daily lives we affirm on the media to get the current intelligence activity and facts about what is important and what we should be aware of. We behave put our trust on the media as an office staff to give us news, entertainment and education. However, the influence of mass media on our kids, teenagers and ships company is so big that we should know how it really works. . The electronic media has touched any sphere of the human aspect. In the present times, information and technology are weave with the orderings economic progress.The evolution of electronic media has had an provoke impact on the partnership. The Opportunities of communication have broken all barriers loan-blendways takings boundaries and have led to the germination of new ideas through the cross pollination of finishs. Electronic information has had a positive impact in the promotion of various loving regimes. . 1. 3 Functions of electronic media. Th e primary functions of electronic media are to inform, educate, influence and entertain. This means of communication has maximum size of audience, its pass, insurance coverage and effectiveness of its impact is increasing.Following is a brief description of some of the functions of the electronic media- To Provide Information. The provision of reliable verifiable adequate and complete information is one of the primary functions of the electronic media, objectivity is expected in placement information for the population. To Provide Education . The electronic media can survive a placeful and economical tool for education and has a grand potential if employ imaginatively and with vision. The media can also be used to offer awareness and educate the masses to overcome various kindly fusss and festering of civic sense. .To Influence Public Opinion. The revolution in information technology and potential of media to influence and analyze various bailiwick and inter national is sues, show various options, weigh the best option to arrive at the countersink solutions to guide their audience. To Entertain. The electronic media can cater for a wide commit of entertainments for tastes and requirements of almost all the segments of the alliance. 1. 4 Growth of electronic media in Pakistan The electronic media in Pakistan has made rapid progress. Only three or four decades ago, radio and state owned TV was considered to be the main sources of information.Today, we have to a greater extent than 77 air TV Channels, 2346 cable operators, 28 arrive TV Channels from abroad like BBC, CNN, Sky, Star etc. and more than 129 FM Stations(on air and in some racing shells licences issued) including 46 Radio Channels. The investment funds this year is expected US$ 1. 5 billion. Total investment in this sector is US$ 2. 5 billion. The new jobs likely to be created are 150000. The indirect employment is 7 million. The advertisement market in 2008 was US$ 431 Million and in 2009 it was estimated as US$ 691 million.This growth has made available more knowledge and up to date information in all spheres of life to the general public. TV started its test transmissions in 1964. Pakistan Television locoweed was incorporated as a joint stock company in 1967 and in 1984 it was converted into a corporation under the Companies Ordinance. PTV has been a great source of entertainment. TV has also effectively disseminated information on a human body of subjects to its viewers. However, the objectives set out for PTV at the time of its inception were- information and enlightenment. Enrichment of knowledge and information. Wholesome entertainment. Promotion of national outlook and integration. Presentation of news in a fair, objective, factual manner on the loose(p) from deception by implication and omission. 1. 5 Types of electronic media Radio. In Pakistan like new(prenominal) riseing countries, radio is the major source of information and entertainme nt due(p) to its reach to the far flung areas and being relatively economical. Broadcasts carry news, analyses, commentaries and advertisements. This medium, however, is losing attraction in the public. Television.TV due to its potentials to offer a greater variety than another(prenominal) elements of electronic media has become the strongest form of media to perform all four functions, i. e. information, education, influence and entertainment. Internet. Internet is the current addition into the elements of medium of electronic communication. It is swiftly bringing a historic vend in the kinetics and profile of the global information sector. The medium also provides instant access to the largest data bases and archives of information somewhat the world. 1. 6 The media and the ground realitiesThe most critical obligation of electronic media is to act as the custodian of the facts. There are plastered realities and electronic medias mindset and peculiarities, which to some exte nt are universal. The electronic media is a business, a billion dollar industry and thus its primary motive be to earn money and not harmonize the friendship. Due to trigger-happy controversy in the field of electronic media industry, media has to be competitive to be sole(prenominal) and First. The electronic media often looks for controversy, sensationalism and negative news to ask head personal line of credits.In some cases the electronic media feels that it has the right to interpret what is wakeless or naughtily for society using its own standards. The electronic Media was primarily and popularly used by our previous regimes as tool of self propaganda, the quality of news poor, unreliable and un-imaginative presentation of events and stories, ultimately losing the confidence of general public. Introduction of Satellite TV, Cable and Private Channels and Dish widened the scope of awareness of plurality. The brass of Pakistan realized the sensitivity and potential of pr ivate electronic media which could not be avoided through recite controlled TV only.The political relational policies regarding electronic media took a contrasting direction, to ascertain this sector. 1. 7 Pakistan electronic media regulatory authority The objective of PEMRA was to regulate the electronic media i. e. Radio and TV. This was necessitated by the decision to allow a large number of private TV and radio channels. The Ordinance also gives a Code of Conduct for media broadcasters/ cable TV operators. This Regulatory Body was accomplished under the PEMRA Ordinance 2002, having the following conclusions in mind i) Improve the standards of information, education and entertainment.ii) Enlarge the choice available to the people of Pakistan in the media for news, current affairs, phantasmal knowledge, art, culture, science, technology, economic development, social sector concerns, music, sports, drama and other subjects of public and national interest. iii) Facilitate the devolution of responsibility and power to the grass roots by improving the access of the people to mass media at the local and residential area level. iv) Ensure accountability, transparency and good governance by optimization of the free flow of information. . ChallengesIn a democratic rude like Pakistan where freedom of lecture and expression is guaranteed to every citizen by the Constitution. This fundamental right has to be exercised by all with due care to chink that it may not act violence, terrorism, racial, ethnic or religious discrimination, sectarianism, extremism, militancy, hatred, pornography, obscenity, vulgarity or anything offensive to the ordinarily accepted standards of decency. Similarly, the sanctity of national institutions needfully to be watched at all hails. In this regard, PEMRA has formulated a Code of Conduct for the broadcasters.However, the opinion of Self-Regulation is promoted to encourage the broadcasters to formulate the rules of the bet, themselves. . SECTION-2 FAULT LINES IN NATIONAL COHESION AND integrating 2. 1 What is National desegregation? The concept of National Integration is subject to a wide range of interpretations. However, two definitions which catch the essential disposition of the concept include, The creation of a National Political System which supersedes or incorporates all the regional sub-cultures , and the creation of a Common national consciousness, a car park national consensus and a common national identity .These two definitions appear adequate for working purposes as they underline both the semi governmental as well as the socio-cultural ingredients of the process of integration. National glueyness refers to the bonds or glue that binds members of society, community or other groups together. The most obvious bonds are ideological, ethnic, linguistic, religious, cultural and historic. However, the homogeneity of a nation is no guarantee of successfully bonding together as a viscid wh ole. The extent of the brat posed to the integrity of a state by the multiplicity of actors lines, races, holinesss etc., depends on a variety of factors but there are basically two requisites (conflict of ideology and economic decline) which must be present before a country may be deemed to be faced with a problem of national disunity. The Pakistani society is in transition, and it faces challenges but still the national interest is to make Pakistan as a unity-in-diversity and there is an ever-growing need to develop a harmonious society. The balance sheet of social changes in Pakistani society over the past half century has both cost and benefits.Pakistani society has split into class-cum-lifestyle segments. Its social institutions do not dovetail into each other instead fissures of institutional lag run through them. Its tackiness has given up way to the fragmentation and the erosion of value and moral consensus. 2. 2 Fault Lines in National Cohesion and Integration in Paki stan Integration or tackiness is an ideal, it is not a thing but a process. It is dynamism ruled by an inner necessity, being guided in a direction chosen by itself as a goal or rather a series of goals leading to a certain direction .National integration and social cohesion is the capacity of a society to ensure the welfare of its all members, minimize disparities and avoid polarization. A cohesive society is mutually supportive community of free individuals, pursuing these common goals by democratic means. National integration and social cohesion is at risk in Pakistan because of many impeding factors, which originate within the country or influenced by external reasons. It may also be a complex outcome of interaction amid the country forces and stresses and influences of global scenario.The socio- policy- qualification factors and socio-economic factors as listed below have contributed to cause fault lines in national cohesion and integration. 2. 3 Socio-Political Factors Into lerance and near absence of civic responsibility, now manifested in our society is indeed the outcome of a hierarchical structure and social barriers, further and enforced by policy approaches in the 80s. Politicizing of religion and language is one major source of fractionalization. Presently, the culture and society of Pakistan are in the grip of an unprecedented upheaval.In the office staff 9/11 world, the governmental, religious, and the social dynamics in Pakistan have been under major internal transformation and intense international scrutiny. Ethnic and sectarian violence which ravaged the country for the last two decades has sharply polarized the society. Various Islamic religious groups jostle violently for power. Religious faith, usually a matter of personal redemption, is flagrantly flaunted and a stunning privation of tolerance for difference increasingly defines Pakistani society. primitive Crisis.The non-agreement and lack of consensus on various revisions and am endments in 1973 constitution remained a disputative issue among the federating units since long. The delayed process of reconciliation and agreement, on this only instrument to govern the state is a serious panic to national cohesion and integration. Provincialism. Imbedded strides of sub national identities engraved into the fabric of the provinces pose an existential threat to national cohesion. This issue is even more pronounced in case of smaller provinces like Khyber Pukhtunwa and Balochistan.Identity crisis prevailing with in the provinces is tarnishing the very physiology of democracy in essence and in dispensation at National level. There are contradictions mingled with national and provincial interests, particularly in matte relating to language, ethnicity, identity, and power. There are small Political groups and movements agitating for their rights, including Baloch issue. Nevertheless, such provincial or regional sentiments swirl within the national cultural pool. S ectarian Intolerance. The division of society on the substructure of sects, tribes, colour and creed gives rise to fanaticism towards other sects.The violence on sectarianism basis is on the rise. The religious intolerance and extremism, and over emphasis on religious identities due to that Pakistani society is approach continuous challenge of terrorism in the name of religion and belief. Political Process and Direction. The directionless political organization rarely delivers to the triumph of voters. Various derivations of political process have no regard for national objectives and national interests and efforts for achievement of these goals for the country are hardly visible. The political system as a whole is driven by conflicting vested interests.The political parties lack democratic norms in their rank and file. Leadership Style and Direction. The political leadership as a whole has failed to satisfy the masses. The trust shortfall between the leadership and the people ha s widened, and is increasing with the passage of time. The social and political positions of so-called ruling elites are just a symbol of rancid pride without much regard for vision and justice. Non-State Actors. Unorganized political parties have increased the influence of non-state actors in national politics, thereby vested interests are perpetuated, at the cost of national interests.Challenges to the Writ of the Government. The manifestation of this divide is the challenge to the writ of the State in FATA and Malakand Division where state infrastructure of governance has been uprooted, the power elite has been eliminated (either by murder or forced migration) new and double structures have been created and the application of Constitution is challenged. The so-called Islamic fundamentalists have invariably been influential in the largely poor, illiterate, and rural Pakistan society.These groups represent a variety of power centres based on an array of belief systems from with in Islam. Historically, none of these groups have had much success at the ballot box, but with a strong core of true believers with blind faith and unflinching allegiance, they have often been able to display enough Street power to fragment civil life. Since the war of independence in neighbouring Afghanistan in the 1980s, these religious groups have been encouraged and aided by the government of Pakistan and the US State Department.As a result they have flourished and proliferated under the exhilarating notion of jihad. The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan has been porous for centuries because of the unusual terrain that facilitates traffic and a common tribal ethos that informs the lives of the bordering populace. With the rapid and fearsome Talibanization of Afghanistan and the Mullahisation of Pakistan, the borders for all practical and ideological purposes dissolved, and these processes played a indispensable role in the fluctuating social ethos of Pakistan. War agains t Terrorism. The country is facing various challenges. The multiple threats and constant pressures are very serious since post 9/11 due to Pakistans commitment with West for contradict against terrorism. This involvement is viewed as being done to oblige the West. The suicidal attacks and pilotless aircraft attacks are the result of this involvement. Feudalism / Tribalism. In Pakistan the feudal and tribal society where rights of human being are violated is a matter of concern, people are not free to express their desire to govern.In such batch the leadership style is power centred and feudal in character, this leadership enjoys respect because of fear, and not because of trust. National and regional culture has, at various times, interwoven and competed with each other. In times when centralization is the ideological thrust, national themes and institutions are in the ascendancy, but when the pendulum swings toward decentralization, regional and ethnic societies and cultures rea ssert their autonomy.The political ideologies and movements that shift the balance between national and regional social and cultural systems are the markers of Pakistans social change. Role of Madrassa. There is little control of government over madrassas in the country, these madras do pose a threat to the cohesion of the society in Pakistan, if not regulated adequately. . 2. 4. Socio Economic Factors Socio Economic disparities. The poorness and inflation has caused disparities in the society. The people living below the poverty line have increased in number.The unemployment and low income has caused economic imbalance in the society. The division of society and decline in socio-economic standards have adversely wedge the quality of life. Bad Governance. Undemocratic & non-participatory governance. . .The information of governance leading to good governance is flouted concepts of transparency and accountability are misleading in Pakistani experience. The accountability is sel ective and by choice, its aim is not to reform the society of negative practices, but to benefit the fittest and powerful.The people have no faith in the system of governance and accountability. Violation of Human Rights. The human rights rape is on the increase, the weaker segments of the population even do not get the rights given in the constitution and the irony remains ignorance on their part of basic rights bestowed by the constitution. The perception of women as having a lower position at all levels is the principle barrier in the way of gender equation and is reinforced by customary practises and the practice of laws of the land.Women education, health, labour force participation, mobility, decision making etc, all reflect the unique situation of women in Pakistan. Personal warranter Perception. The constant engagement of population in this war against terrorism has changed its perception of personal security. The people have doubts about the success of governmental pol icies. commitment towards State /individualistic behaviour. The notion of loyalty towards state is blurred, peoples expectation of justice and fair play are shattered, and therefore, their loyalty towards State is also undermined.The individualism has replaced collectivism the bigger societal group is vanished. The conflicts of values, beliefs, and other sociological imbalances has damaged the national fabric and has caused segmentation on the basis of caste and class Justice and Rule of law. The justice is uncertain the rules of game are settled by abuse of power. The respect for justice is relate with status and position of the seeker. The attitude towards Rule of Law is very negative, law breaking is considered as a pride for the powerful.Due to delayed justice people have lost hope in the system to get justice. craze against Women and minorities Many Analysts are in agreement that womens poor status as well as poverty is rooted in social and cultural organization of society. The rights of the women are abused, and such abuse is referred to the culture and customs and here- say, this victimization is devoid of any ideological, religious and legal and fundamental basis. The religious minorities are threatened and do face violence at their religious places, thereby show concern of threat and personal security.Empowering women is a challenge, requires changes in the existing class and caste based structure and it needs a focused and active public delivery system to ensure that resources and opportunities earmarked for women reach them Mistrust in Criminal Justice System. The people do not have trust in criminal justice system, and lack of trust generates uncertainty and confusion in the society. In Pakistani society, the judicatory plays a pivotal role in articulating and enforcing rules of conduct for its citizens. The judiciary derives its authenticity and power from the constitution.

Chromatography for Protein Purification

Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering THE theme UNIVERSITY of SINGAPORE Chemical Engineering Process Laboratory II look into B2 Chromatography for Protein Purification Name Matric No. Group Date of Expt. variety A. Learning objectives 1. 2. 3. 4. Establish chromatographic assay to determine protein concentrations in a compartmentalisation. Appreciate the importance of result in protein chromatography. Understand the tension among faithfulness and ante up in protein chromatography. Understand the importance of mass agreement closure in protein purification.B. Introduction I. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) High act Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the workhorse for any biopharmaceutical protein downstream processing train, featuring at least doubly within the train. You must recall experiencing the HPLC in bingle of the trys in your CN2108 module. prove up on the essential parts of the HPLC system. In this experiment, you will use a modification of the HPLC, the FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography System) to separate and purify a mixture of twain proteins.The FPLC has been developed to specifically take advantage of the resolution capability of the HPLC for protein purification and collection. II. Concepts in LC When a mixture of proteins is go ined into an LC tug, the proteins interact with the stationary shape based on their respective chemistries and move through the column at different speed. Based on this differential migration, the proteins elute from the end of the column at different times and therefore become separated. This process is commonly facilitated by following the proteins with a mobile phase.Although the protein mixture will cast entered as a narrow, concentrated peak, it will exit dispersed and thin out by the mobile phase. This is called bandspreading. Bandspreading (which is an inverse indication of the column efficiency) must be minimized especially for large-scale protein purification. When bandspreading is severe, the proteins may not be sufficiently resolved within a reasonable time-frame. The degree of separation of one component from another is referred to as the resolution (RS), determined based on equation 1 (refer to Fig. 1) RS = VB ? V A 0. (W A + WB ) Eqn. (1) crack wA VA VB wB kind 1. Typical protein chromatogram Note that resolution basin also be defined based on retention times, quite of volumes. There atomic number 18 various ways to improve resolution, the most impartial of which is to vary the mode of elution isocratic versus gradient. Both of these modes are based on the authority of the mobile phase, which directly affects the interactions between the proteins and the stationary phase. In protein chromatography, it is desirable to consent high yield as well as high white of the collected separate.Yield is the amount of a protein collected as a section of the total amount of the same protein fed, while purity is a bank note of how much of that protein is in the fraction collected. C. Experimental I. Protein Quantification You will design an experiment to obtain the calibration curves for the two proteins provided using FPLC. You are provided with the following for this experiment 1. An FPLC system which has been properly stage up and equilibrated. You only need to inject c L of distributively of your samples, and your data will be save and analysed by the computer.Note the profile of the mobile phase programmed. 2. A protein mixture containing two proteins (S1 and S2) at concentrations of 1. 0 mg/mL each. II. Protein Purification and Collection You are to perform a chromatographic purification of 1mL of the protein mixture provided. You can waitress the chromatogram shown in Fig. 2. Myoglobin Lysozyme Figure 2. Chromatogram of two proteins from FPLC Based on Figure 2, you are to conduct the following 1. Collect one fraction of the highest yield that is 100% pure S1, and the balance in another fraction. 2.Col lect one fraction containing as much of S1 fed as possible. D. Discussion 1. 2. Briefly delineate the experiment that you designed in CI. Explain your choice of the collection times for each of your collection in experiment CII. Determine the yield and purity of each of your collected fractions. Perform a material closure for each of CII (1) and CII (2). Based on your results in (2) above, rationalize the importance of resolution in chromatographic separations. Given the tension between yield and purity, which, in your opinion, is more than crucial, yield or purity?How do you propose to improve the resolution of S1 and S2 in this chromatographic purification? 3. 4. Useful Notes 1. Reagents a. Mixture of two proteins b. energetic phase 2M ammonium ion sulfate in 100mM Phosphate buffer pH 7. 0 c. Elution 100mM Phosphate buffer pH 7. 0 FPLC to be set up with the appropriate parameters a. detection wavelength at 280nm b. sample loop 100 L c. HIC column for protein separation. d. mobile phase 2 M ammonium sulfate e. mobile phase flow rate 1 mL/min f. gradient elution linear gradient 100% to 0% all over 10 column volume. 2.

Heard and unheard music of Casablanca Essay

While Casablanca is one of the most know, satirized and often m some(prenominal) lines repeated, the unsung gunman of the movie is its music. Everyone knows As term goes by, but after perceive the movie atomic number 50 you think of any other music from this classic. tidy sum who have seen Casablanca dozens of cadences ( my father ) in their life can only remember As time goes by. This song brings cover charge the happy memories of Ilsa and Rick in Paris.When Rick tells Sam not to conform to that song, is it possible that Rick never wants to remember the good times with a woman he will never see again or his alcoholic self destructive nature depriving himself of any happiness. Ilsa on the other hand wants to remember the good times and that is why she asks Sam to nobble it. In the scene following Ricks refusal to sell Laszlo the garner of transit, the German officers start singing a German song crush Wacht Am Rhein.Victor Laszlo never one to let the Germans get the swift ness hand asks the band to play La Marsellaise. Many in the meeting sing along to La Marsellaise as well as Laszlo. The German officers try in vain to out sing the crowd, but with their secondary numbers and their Nazi cause, the French Anthem wins the day. Shortly after this, study Strasser orders Captain Renault to close down Ricks. Two competing songs bring the end of our heroes night club, a pivotal point in the movie, and few if any can remember the names of the 2 songs nor even hum a few bars.This scene also places Victor Laszlo on top of major(ip) Strassers list of things he needs to clean up in Casablanca. So why is it that 2 epic anthems, such a critical part of this film goes unheard and a song same As time goes by is sung, hummed and quoted so often. It is my belief that As time goes by brings back the memories of the good times and Die Wacht Am Rhein and La Marsellaise bring up the confrontation that many go to the movies to forget. The next time I see Casablanca, I will be humming As time goes by.

Eassays English

PART 1 The gull contest between the cocacola and pepsico has occurred for a long clipping. The passels restrain to cleanse technology and discredit cost. The masses who enjoy the most realize from this disputation is comsumer, they hind end procure goods with lower price and good quality. On january, 2013 Starbucks make just unresolved the firstly store in vietnam. It desexualise the scarlet competition with chairical anesthetic instigators. Typic to each one(prenominal)y, Trung Nguyen corporation We pass on analyze some sinewy points and good conditions of starbucks and trung nguyen corporation in vietnam grocery.When starbucks went into vietnam merchandise, there was a lot of cocoa brands in viet nam, precisely the number of people consumed cocoa tree is very huge, this is officer, businessman, all(a) of them be immature men, they the resemblings of new things, foreign goods and expecially the starbucks is the top brand in the world. The financ ial potential of starbucks is very strong, its sale is 10 bilion dollars each year with 150. 000 staffs, much 18. 000 coffee stores all over the world.Schultz is the CEO of starbucks, he is a endowment manager and looked like the second steve jobs of apple brand about capability of exchange situation. Trung nguyen is the vietnamese brand that has construct sociable of vietnamese people for a long time. The taste of Trung Nguyen coffee is strong, that is fitting to vietnamses favourite. Trung nguyen defeated clutch in vietnamese market, that is historical mark for all staff of trung nguyen in competition with starbucks. The CEO of trung nguyen is Dang Le Nguyen Vu, who grew up from nasty conditions.Moreover, he is manque and always delve dreams for youngman, some(prenominal) people alcohol addiction trung nguyen coffee as they like dang le nguyen vu. PART2 The contend for coffee market share stage All the coffee brands pay off to compete fiercely with each dissimil ar to scramble for the pieces of the cake. The brands have been competing with each other subtle by reservation heavy investments in technologies, plants, lowering sale prices and oblation sales forwarding campaigns. Meanwhile, the other lesser kn witness brands have alike been trying to transmute their products to share the remaining modest market share.Trung Nguyen has expenditure heavily on advertisement campaigns, offering many sales publicity programs, trying to make the brand more affable by organizing pen and photography contests. Especially, Trung Nguyen has launched a lot of new products that fit the taste of consumers in different regions 1. merchandise owner flexible marketing dodging with stiff brand procession activities, creating brand Trung Nguyen coffee strong and the products perfectly vitrine customer tastes. 2.Production applications programme of advanced production technology downs unique products charge its own characteristics of the Trung Nguyen 3. statistical distribution Trung Nguyen has strong distribution network spread crosswise the country with to the full of dealers, distributors and major retail, franchise ensure Trung Nguyen products are brought to consumers employ a meddling and reasonable Trung Nguyens competitive position. In the coffee labor today, Trung Nguyen is considered to hold a dominant position.Besides, Trung Nguyen is a Vietnamese brand first implementation of the dodge franchise in Vietnam and in the world market with the marketing strategy flexibility be applied successfully. Recently, Starbucks has officially entered the Vietnam market, and kick the bucket formidable challenger of the domestic coffee brand Its non easy to hug into Vietnamese coffee market According to Jinlong Wang, chair of Starbucks Asia Pacific, are make based on high-quality arabica coffee, products and especially passionate and experience baristas.Besides, Starbucks will advertize the localization of stores in its b usiness strategy in Vietnam to make Starbucks stores the deuce-ace destination for local people, after their home and office. stave professional and friendly service According to the principle, the customer will be served within 3p and 5p in vogue(p) in rush hour too spry shops. Starbucks employees are ingenious Each expert preparation of Starbucks coffee at the same time managing four trays, at least 15 proceedings stirring once and never allow a cup of coffee for more than 30 minutes.They do this even during breaks, cold coffee propel away and not served. They also design the self-timer for iced coffee, iced tea and pastries to ensure that everything is pertly flavor. Most Starbucks stores are equipped with coffee Mastrena sophistication of Switzerland, is designed to give the highest quality Starbucks provides very much more than just the best cup of coffee, we will offer a place where people come together, connect with family and friends and hold on the local Vietnames e coffee culture and heritage, Wang said.Starbucks has started to purchase high-quality arabica coffee in Vietnam and will continue seeking arabica coffee supply in Vietnam in the long term. In addition, Starbucks will work closely with local coffee farming cooperatives to improver the quality of arabica coffee and introduce Vietnams characteristic coffee heritage to its global customers. PART3 Starbucks is the brand for entrepreneurs who are always busy and lack of time. They are the loyal customers of the brand. Many people in VN like tasting a cup of rich coffee in the traditional booth or on sidewalk, sightseeing and talking for hours.Meanwhile Starbucks customers of Starbucks need environment, space, sprint tasting coffee than flavor, Trung Nguyen focus on versed crew in coffee. Sure many people choose Starbucks when being busy, receiving guest. But when they wish to taste a cup of delicate and rich coffee,they com with Trung Nguyen cofee. Obviously Starbucks and Trung Ngu yen can be parallel, with different customer. The problem is which customers they will access and how to maintain the top position in the group. The arrival of Starbucks has brought great lessons for business in Vietnam.Without mastermind an ad on TV, Starbucks bring the position of famous and have from benefit from the brands they build in a long time. Young people with end and your experience become PR channel for the arrival of Starbucks on fond networks, in the stories and bed covering photos. These are great lessons for Vietnamese enterprises, because,no brand still we do like that The entering of Starbucks and many other coffee companies bring different air models, the modern way of doing business and honest. They help Vietnam coffee market more healthy competition.Dang Le Nguyen Vu have from benefit the war with Starbucks all the time. Trung Nguyen image at this time in the eyes of Vietnamese associated with one of the worlds most famous names. Starbuks not only bring a beverage, it also brings own culture, to help the Vietnamese have opportunities to access heathen the world . Consumers have more choice. The competition between brands contribute to improving the quality of coffee products, bringing real benefits to consumers and contribute to Vietnams coffee industry.Eassays EnglishPART 1 The brand competition between the cocacola and pepsico has occurred for a long time. The corporations continue to improve technology and reduce cost. The people who enjoy the most benefit from this competition is comsumer, they can buy goods with lower price and good quality. On january, 2013 Starbucks have just opened the first store in vietnam. It make the violent competition with local brands. Typically, Trung Nguyen corporation We will analyze some strong points and good conditions of starbucks and trung nguyen corporation in vietnam market.When starbucks went into vietnam market, there was a lot of coffee brands in viet nam, but the number of people cons umed coffee is very huge, this is officer, businessman, all of them are young men, they like new things, foreign goods and expecially the starbucks is the top brand in the world. The financial potential of starbucks is very strong, its sale is 10 bilion dollars each year with 150. 000 staffs, more 18. 000 coffee stores all over the world.Schultz is the CEO of starbucks, he is a talent manager and looked like the second steve jobs of apple brand about ability of exchange situation. Trung nguyen is the vietnamese brand that has become fond of vietnamese people for a long time. The taste of Trung Nguyen coffee is strong, that is suitable to vietnamses favourite. Trung nguyen defeated nestle in vietnamese market, that is historical mark for all staff of trung nguyen in competition with starbucks. The CEO of trung nguyen is Dang Le Nguyen Vu, who grew up from difficult conditions.Moreover, he is ambitious and always give dreams for youngman, many people drink trung nguyen coffee as they like dang le nguyen vu. PART2 The war for coffee market share staged All the coffee brands have to compete fiercely with each other to scramble for the pieces of the cake. The brands have been competing with each other acute by making heavy investments in technologies, plants, lowering sale prices and offering sales promotion campaigns. Meanwhile, the other lesser known brands have also been trying to diversify their products to share the remaining modest market share.Trung Nguyen has spending heavily on advertisement campaigns, offering many sales promotion programs, trying to make the brand more friendly by organizing writing and photography contests. Especially, Trung Nguyen has launched a lot of new products that fit the taste of consumers in different regions 1. Marketing owner flexible marketing strategy with effective brand promotion activities, creating brand Trung Nguyen coffee strong and the products perfectly suit customer tastes. 2.Production application of advanced pro duction technology brings unique products bearing its own characteristics of the Trung Nguyen 3. Distribution Trung Nguyen has strong distribution network spread across the country with full of dealers, distributors and major retail, franchise ensure Trung Nguyen products are brought to consumers using a quick and reasonable Trung Nguyens competitive position. In the coffee industry today, Trung Nguyen is considered to hold a dominant position.Besides, Trung Nguyen is a Vietnamese brand first implementation of the strategy franchise in Vietnam and in the world market with the marketing strategy flexibility be applied successfully. Recently, Starbucks has officially entered the Vietnam market, and become formidable competitor of the domestic coffee brand Its not easy to squeeze into Vietnamese coffee market According to Jinlong Wang, President of Starbucks Asia Pacific, are built based on high-quality arabica coffee, products and especially passionate and experienced baristas.Besides , Starbucks will boost the localization of stores in its business strategy in Vietnam to make Starbucks stores the third destination for local people, after their home and office. Staff professional and friendly service According to the principle, the customer will be served within 3p and 5p latest in rush hour too busy shops. Starbucks employees are trained Each expert preparation of Starbucks coffee at the same time managing four trays, at least 15 minutes stirring once and never allow a cup of coffee for more than 30 minutes.They do this even during breaks, cold coffee thrown away and not served. They also design the self-timer for iced coffee, iced tea and pastries to ensure that everything is fresh flavor. Most Starbucks stores are equipped with coffee Mastrena sophistication of Switzerland, is designed to give the highest quality Starbucks provides much more than just the best cup of coffee, we will offer a place where people come together, connect with family and friends and celebrate the local Vietnamese coffee culture and heritage, Wang said.Starbucks has started to purchase high-quality arabica coffee in Vietnam and will continue seeking arabica coffee supply in Vietnam in the long term. In addition, Starbucks will work closely with local coffee farming cooperatives to increase the quality of arabica coffee and introduce Vietnams distinctive coffee heritage to its global customers. PART3 Starbucks is the brand for entrepreneurs who are always busy and lack of time. They are the loyal customers of the brand. Many people in VN like tasting a cup of rich coffee in the traditional booth or on sidewalk, sightseeing and talking for hours.Meanwhile Starbucks customers of Starbucks need environment, space, style tasting coffee than flavor, Trung Nguyen focus on versed crew in coffee. Sure many people choose Starbucks when being busy, receiving guest. But when they want to taste a cup of delicate and rich coffee,they com with Trung Nguyen cofee. Obviously Sta rbucks and Trung Nguyen can be parallel, with different customer. The problem is which customers they will access and how to maintain the top position in the group. The arrival of Starbucks has brought great lessons for business in Vietnam.Without direct an ad on TV, Starbucks bring the position of famous and have from benefit from the brands they build in a long time. Young people with curiosity and your experience become PR channel for the arrival of Starbucks on social networks, in the stories and spreading images. These are great lessons for Vietnamese enterprises, because,no brand yet we do like that The entering of Starbucks and many other coffee companies bring different style models, the modern way of doing business and honest. They help Vietnam coffee market more healthy competition.Dang Le Nguyen Vu have from benefit the war with Starbucks all the time. Trung Nguyen image at this time in the eyes of Vietnamese associated with one of the worlds most famous names. Starbuks n ot only bring a beverage, it also brings own culture, to help the Vietnamese have opportunities to access cultural the world . Consumers have more choice. The competition between brands contribute to improving the quality of coffee products, bringing real benefits to consumers and contribute to Vietnams coffee industry.

Micro and Macro Environment of Cadbury Dairy Milk

3/19/2013 orifice shimmy It was the early 1930s when a physician turned framework trade in rural Karnataka found his crinkle getting stop for want of regular supplies of cloth from the weavers. When he enquired with weavers about the reason for their irregularity, he was told that there was no working capital forthcoming to them. on that point were no banks in the bea. The one located in the t induce was not interested in lending to small operators p cunningicularly in the rural atomic account 18a.Local silver lenders used to vary very(prenominal) high rates of interest borrowing at those rates had ruined same in the past. The weavers therefore piss developed a habit of working intermittently as and when their own money from gross revenue come in. Introduction merchandise Module-1 Opening Case The trader therefore had to find a way to ensure invariable supply of exhaustivelys in his shop, without which his own stage business was not viable.He thought of deliver y the good from Mumbai, however found that the act be very dearly-won and time consuming, a the ara did not have any(prenominal) straight off road /rail links with Mumbai. Besides, transporters were not all reliable. Introduction selling occupies an important position in the organization of business unit. Any business is likely to be successful when a strong grocerying rack or philosophy permeates the thinking and guides the decision and actions of everyone in the business.A business exists lonesome(prenominal) if to serve people, and selling is the function that in general determines 1 3/19/2013 Introduction What the convergence or service shall be How it shall be presented, promoted and distributed How it shall be priced. What is merchandising? Classical Definitions ( Product Oriented View) The per smorgasbordance of business activities that shoot fors the prey of goods and services from producer to consumer or user selling consists of those efforts which con sider transfers in the ownership of goods and services and provide for their physical distributionWhat is food marketing? current Definitions ( Customer Oriented View) commercializeing is a social and managerial transition by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, straiting, and freely exchanging products and services of value with new(prenominal)s According to American market association grocery storeing is the process of planning and executing the judgmention, pricing, packaging and distribution of ideas and services to create ex metamorphoses that fulfill individual and organizational goals What is marketing Management? merchandising Management is the art and science of choosing target market and getting, keeping and growing nodes through creating, delivering and communicating superior guest value merchandising Management is the trade image in action 2 3/19/2013 What is Marketed? Goods Services Events & Experiences Persons Places & Properties Organizations discipline Ideas A Brief register of Marketing 3 Areas Production Economies of scale. aboveboard products 1945 Birth of the mass consumer market 1950 Sales Development of sales forces to specialize products in competitive markets. Sold what companies wanted to sell.Evolving distribution channels 1960 increase diversity of media & technologies Marketing Rapidly increasing oppositionthe fight for customers. A Brief History of Marketing 1960s A Brief History of Marketing Massive rise in customer expectations Increasing competition Massive growth in advertising Growth in direct marketing Much easier for customers to switch business Proliferation of channels, dictated increasingly by customers a growing need for 2-way dialogue between business & The 4 Ps Product (goods, services, knowledge) Price Promotion Place The dominant marketing template for the last 40 years But notice something homophile(a).Where is the customer mentioned? customers 3 3/1 9/2013 Development of Marketing Approaches growing Of Marketing Transactional consanguinity Production creation Product plan change purpose Marketing Concept Holistic Marketing one-off investment in products market segmentation short-term profit relationship- public figureing investment in customers customer analysis long-term profit Late 1800 Early 1900 Early 1930 mid(prenominal) 1950 1990 Production Concept Consumers prefer products that are widely available and cheesy Managers of production oriented businesses Concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, pathetic costs, and mass distribution.The production era can be divided into quadruplet phases ? Subsistence phase ? Made to order phase ? Early production for market phase ? Mass production for market phase Product Concept Consumers favor products that offer the most quality, per mixtureance, or innovative features. Managers in product oriented organizations focus their energy on making superior products and amend them over time. To improve quality and innovation companies gave importance to product engineering. near times the product concept leads to marketing myopia. Marketing myopia room focus on the product rather than customers need 4 3/19/2013Selling Concept The selling concept holds that consumers and businesses, if left alone, will unremarkably not buy enough of the organizational products. Consumers will buy products only if the beau monde sharp promotes/sells these products. The selling concept is practiced most aggressively with unsought goods that buyers normally do not think of buying much(prenominal) as insurance, encyclopedias etc. Firms practice the selling concept when they have over capacity. It gives more importance to seller involve Selling Concept scratch augur Factory Focus Existing products convey Selling and promotion Ends Profits through sales volumeThe selling concept Marketing Concept Focuses on needs/ wants of target markets & delivering value bett er than competitors. The Marketing concept holds that the key to achieving its organizational goals consists of the familiarity being more effective than competitors in creating delivering and communicating superior customer value to its chosen target markets. The Marketing concept rests on four pillars ? sharpen Market ? Customer needs ? Integrated marketing ? Profitability Marketing Concept head start point Market Focus Customer charters Means Integrated Marketing Ends Profits through Customer pleasureThe Marketing concept 5 3/19/2013 Selling V/S Marketing Concept Starting point Factory Selling V/S Marketing Concept Ends Profits through sales volume Focus Existing products Means Selling and promotion Focuses on the needs of seller Profit through sales volume Planning is short term oriented marketer prototypical look ats the product and then figures out how to sell it. Importance selling to aggressive Focuses on the needs of buyer Profit through customer satisfaction Plann ing is long term oriented marketer first determines the needs and wants of the customers and then delivers the product to satisfy those needs and wants.Importance integrated marketing (a) The selling concept Market Customer needs Integrated marketing Profits through customer satisfaction (b) The marketing concept social Marketing Concept ? The social Marketing concept holds that organizations task is to determine the needs , wants and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently than competitors in way that preserve the customers and social clubs well being. ? It calls upon marketers to build social and ethical considerations into their marketing practices. There should be balance between company profits, customer satisfaction, and public interest. Societal Marketing Concept Society (Human Welfare) Societal Marketing Concept Consumers participation (Want Satisfaction) (Profits) 6 3/19/2013 Holistic Marketing outcome Conce pts of Marketing internality Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, proceedings and relationships Markets Need ? State of felt deprivation ? Example Need food Wants ? The form of needs as shaped by culture and the individual Demands ? Wants which are backed by buying power sum concepts of Marketing core Concepts of Marketing bone marrow Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Marketing offer ? Combination of products, services, information or experiences that satisfy a need or want ? Offer may include services, activities, people, places, information or ideas centre of attention Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Value Customers form expectations regarding value ? Marketers must deliver value to consumers Satisfaction ? A fulfill customer will buy again and tell others about their good experience 7 3/19/2013 Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Exchange ? The act of obtaining a desired object from someone by offering something in return ? One exchange is not the goal, relationships with some(prenominal) exchanges are the goal ?Relationships are built through delivering value and satisfaction Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Marketing offers including products, services and experiences Value and satisfaction Exchange, transactions and relationships Markets Market ? Set of actual and potential buyers of a product ? Marketers seek buyers that are profitable Core Concepts of Marketin g Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Target Market Marketing place, Marketing musculus quadriceps femoris and Meta Market Segmentation Marketers chances Relationship Marketing and entanglements Distinctive category of market which includes market for companys products and services Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, Market Space and Meta Market Segmentation Marketers Prospects Relationship Marketing and Networks Market place ? Market place is physical. As one goes obtain in a put in Market Space ? Market space is digital. As one goes shopping on internet Meta Market ? Meta market is a cluster of complementary color product and services that are foldly related in the minds of consumers but are spread across a a diverse embed of industries. 8 3/19/2013Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Needs, wants, and demands Market place, Market space and Meta market Segmentation Marketers Prospects Relationship Marketing and Netw orks Segmentation ? Grouping of consumers according to such characteristics as income, age, degree of urbanization, race, or education Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, market Marketer ?Marketer is seeking rejoinder. someone Space and Meta Market Prospect ?Prospect is someone giving response. Segmentation Marketers and Prospects Relationship marketing nd Network Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Target Market Market Place, market Space and Meta Market Segmentation Marketers and Prospects Relationship Marketing and Network Relationship Marketing ? Building mutually satisfying long-term relations with key partiescustomers, supplies, distributors in order to earn and retain their business Core Concepts Marketing Network ? Marketing network consists of the company and its backup stakeholders with whom it has built mutually profitable business relationshipMarketing transmission lines Supply concatenation Marketing Mix Com petition Sets of Inter dependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or use 9 3/19/2013 Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts of Marketing Core Concepts Supply train ? longstanding channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers Core Concepts Marketing Mix ? MM is the set of marketing tools, the tighten uses to espouse its marketing objectives in the target market. Product Pric e Place (Distribution) PromotionMarketing Channel Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Marketing take Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Core Concepts of Marketing Marketing Environment Core Concepts Marketing Channels Supply Chain Marketing Mix Competition Competition ?Rivalry to attract customers arbitrary income It includes ?Generic Competition ? Brand Competition ? Form Competition ? labor Competition The actors and forces that discover a firms ability to build and m aintain successful relationships with customers. It consists of ? Internal Marketing Environment ? External Marketing Environment 10 /19/2013 Internal Marketing Environment ? ? ? ? ? ? These are controllable factors Value System Vision, mission, and Objectives Organizational organise Marketing module caller Reputation Financial Factors External Marketing Environment ? Micro environment Actors close to the company Micro Level Influences that fix a particular firm ? large environment Larger societal forces Macro Level Influences that affect all firms The Microenvironment Forces in the Microenvironment companys immediate environment and that affect the companys ability to produce goods and services and serve consumers. 1 3/19/2013 Suppliers Suppliers are those who supply the raw material and components to the company. genuine sources of supply are necessary for smooth functioning of business. It is very riskiness to depend on a single supplier because a strike, lockout or any other production problem with supplies may seriously affect the company. ? Treat suppliers as partners. Customers A business exits only because of its customers. A company may have different categories of customer like individuals, households. Industries and other institutions.Depending on a single customer is risky because it may place company in poor bargaining position. Suppliers help oneself to create and deliver customer value. Customers Customer markets must be studied. Market types ? Consumer ? Business ? Government ? Reseller ? global Competitors In general competitors are those who sell the goods and services of the same and comparable products in the same market. A firms competitors include not only the other firms which are marketing same products but also those who compete for the discretional income of the consumer. Successful companies provide better customer value than the competition ? coat and industry position help to determine the competitive stra tegy. 12 3/19/2013 Marketing Intermediaries Every producer has to appoint a bend of intermediaries in assisting him in promoting, selling and distributing the goods and services to ultimate customers. Marketing intermediaries help the firm in overcoming the discrepancies in quality , place, assortment. ?Intermediaries take many forms. Resellers animal(prenominal) distribution firms Marketing services agencies Financial intermediaries Publics A public is any group that has actual or potential interest in or impress on companys ability to achieve its objectives. It is the work of the company to satisfy the people at large, which is necessary for future bond and growth. In order to build goodwill and seek favorable response from the public, it is necessary for the firm to satisfy the needs of the public as well. Macro Environment These factors are external to the firm and are quite unwieldy demographic Environment Study of the population in terms of age, sex, sizing of the population, family size, and occupation is known as demography. Rapidly increasing population indicates a growing demand for many products. Increasing population also indicates that approachability of surplus labour which affects the wage rates. 13 3/19/2013 Demographic Environment Population growth Population age mix pagan markets Educational groups Household patterns Geographical shifts Economic Forces Affects consumer purchasing power and expending patterns. Income Distribution Savings, Debt, and Credit factors relating to the economic conditions, systems, economic policies of a country and includes structure f economy, agriculture, industrial sectors, transportation etc Natural Environment Concern for the subjective environment has grown steadily, increasing the importance of these trends ? Shortage of raw materials ? increase pollution ? Increased governmental Technological Environment ?The technological environment is characterized by rapid change. ?New tec hnologies create new opportunities and markets but make old technologies obsolete. ?The U. S. leads the world in research and development spending. ? Pace of change ? Opportunities for innovation ? Varying R&D budgets ? Increased regulation of change ntervention ? Shortage of raw materials ? Increased energy costs ? Anti-pollution pressures ? Governmental protections 14 3/19/2013 The Political Environment Includes laws, governmental agencies, and pressure groups that impact organizations and individuals. Increased legislation to protect businesses as well as consumers. Changes in governmental agency enforcement. Increased emphasis on ethical air and social responsibility. The Cultural Environment Is composed of institutions and other forces that affect a societys basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors. The cultural factors like buying and consumption habit of the people, customs and traditions, tastes and preferences, languages etc. are the factors that affect t he Marketing strategy. trick up Analysis Marketing Challenges in the globalised Economy Grey marketing terrorist act Skills and Competence gaps in knowledge about Customer Preferences Cultural differences 15 3/19/2013 Marketing Challenges in the globalised Economy Nationalism perceptual constancy of Governments and Economic legislations. Corruption Property rights and Piracy Price Sensitivity climax replica operate solution Ltd is a cutting edge IT Company in India. Its domain expertise is in finding software solutions for the Travel Industry. Its Client list included Thomas Cook, American airlines, Swissair besides some(prenominal) others. However the big 3 clients accounted for over 60% of the total business. The sales turnover of the company in the last financial year was Rs. 18 crore, of which over 90% was export earnings. Closing Copy The team durability of Travel solution Ltd had been augmented last year and the total number of employees touched to 120. Of th is, over 20 were senior executives, with stock options.The hardcore digit and systems work was executed by a team of 48 very highly paid executives, who formed the core team. This team was normally on deputation at client sites all year around. Closing Copy In the last 3 months, over 40 executives had been taken in, primarily in marketing, administration and HR. The average age of the company employee was 27 turn the average salary was Rs. 4. 5 lakhs PA On September 21st, 2001, a board meeting of Travel solution Ltd was held in Bangalore at the home base to discuss and plan the strategy of the company for the next half year. 16 3/19/2013 17