Factors Leading To Growth In International Business Commerce Essay

Factors leading(a) To return In orbicular Business Commerce Essay global transmission line is defined as the legal proceeding that are carried out crossship quarteral national borders to fulfill the objectives of individuals, companies and organizations. The dissimilar modes by which knowledge base(prenominal) backing is beingness done are import-exportation trade, foreign direct investment, licensing, franchising and management contracts. Over the die five decades cosmos(prenominal) trade and investment train grown high-velocity than the domestic economies. International craft facilitates f let loose of idea, services and capital crosswise the globe. The result is higher(prenominal) levels of innovation, faster dissemination of goods and information earthwide, much efficacious use of human capital and alter access to financing (Czinkota, Ronkainen and Moffett, 2009).1.1 picture History of International BusinessInternational championship is not a new phenom enon but has been practiced close to the world for thousands of years. Through the routes realised in the Mediterranean, the Phoenicians, Mesopotamians, and Greeks did trading. As sophisticated agate line techniques emerged, facilitating the flow of goods, resources and specie amid countries flourished. This addition was further stimulated by colonization activities. The Industrial renewal stimulated the growth of foreign vocation by providing methods of occupation for sess marketplaceplaces and good methods for utilizing raw materials. The inventions and expert developments from Industrial revolution further deepen the smooth flow of goods, services and capital mingled with the countries. The fighte grew at unprecedented levels by 1880s as the industrial revolution was in full swing in europium and in the United States. Growth continued in an upward spiral as mass production was realized and the manu factures were pushed to taste foreign markets for their produ cts. This marked the emergence of multinational corporations. (Ajami,Cool, Goddard and Khambata, 2006)2.0 Factors leading to Growth in International Business2.1 Development and expansion of technologyThe introduction of telegraph in 1837, the telephone in 1876, the wireless in 1895, the aero plane in 1903, the television in 1926, the liquid fuelled rocket in 1927, the coaxial cable in 1930s and digital computer in 1946 were each the key events that triggered the growth of international furrow. Next to air transport, electronic communication, digital information processing has been the just nigh other principal area of technological innovation. All these technological advancements provided the platform for companies to stripe off increased act of international stage business activities. (Marios Katsioloudes, Spyros Hadjidakis, 2007)2.2 Liberalization of cross border activitiesThe governmental barriers for international business give way been lowered after the Second World W ar. The europiuman Union, NAFTA, ASEAN and other regional economic blocs by dint ofout the world provide less restrictions on cross border movements. The European Union was awarded the Nobel cherish for stillness 2012 in recognition for its constructive handling of recreation, improving relations between nations through trade, reconciliation and human rights in Europe over the historical six decades. (Europa.eu, 2012) The European commission president Jose Manuel Barrosa at the outset of receiving prize said that, we honor this prize and impart preserve what had been achieved. This achievement forget propel the quest for shaping a better organized world with the values of freedom, democracy and human rights.(Guardian.co.uk, 2012)2.3 Development of supporting servicesGovernments and companies reach developed services that facilitate further international business. For instance Mail, which is a government monopoly, could be transferred by an airline other than that of the a rea of origin, could go through some different countries before reaching the final depot with the stamp of the coun fork out of origin. Also banking institutions own developed effective and efficient means for companies to receive payment for their foreign sales. The banks can assist in the payment of every currency through various international legal proceeding upon the receipt of goods /services. (Katsioloudes and Hadjidakis, 2007)3.0 Distinctive elements of international businessThe four distinctive elements of international business areGlobalizationInternational Business Environment crotchety CultureInternational Business Management3.1 GlobalizationPeople slightly the globe are more connected than ever before. Goods and services produced in one part of the world is increasingly available in other parts of the world. This phenomenon is termed as globalization. Globalization refers to the shift toward a more integrate and interdependent world economy. Globalization has two components which are globalization of production and globalization of markets. (Aswathappa, 2009)Globalization of markets refers to the merging of separate and distinct market fleck into a single market. (Subba Rao, 2009). The global acceptance of consumer products such as Sony Walkman, Coca-Cola, Levis Jeans, Citicorp conviction Cards, MCDonald Hamburgers are solely considered as prototypical examples of this trend. By offering a standardized product worldwide they are helping to create a global market. ( Katsioloudes and Hadjidakis, 2007)Globalization of production refers to the tendency among firms to source goods and services from locations nearly the world to take global avail of national differences in the speak to and quality of cistrons of production. (Labor, land, energy and capital) Companies want to lower overall monetary value social structure by doing so. For example, Boeing social clubs jet airliner 777 has 132,500 component parts which are produced around t he world by 545 suppliers. (Katsioloudes and Hadjidakis, 2007)3.2 International Business EnvironmentThe international business milieu is highly characterized and influenced byInternational PoliticsInternational CultureInternational mintInternational fiscal markets and Institutions3.2.1 International PoliticsInternational governance is a primary concern for Multi National Enterprises. (MNEs) The past two decades have witnessed dramatic change in their political clays. Most of the countries in the eastern Europe, in the Americas are building market economies in varying degrees. MNEs chance more confident in starting up their operations in market driven economy as they are endowed with more freedom to fix prices and more liberty in carrying out their business operations. Until MNEs feel that the government is willing to take the steps necessary to suss out that promises are kept and they are able to repatriate their funds, they are termination to proceed very cautiously with th eir investment plans. (Rugman and Collinson, 2006)3.2.2 International Culture despite the various patterns and processes of globalization, Cultural awareness is a very important medical prognosis for MNEs when it operates in international arena. As an example, the culture, beliefs and etiquettes which are followed in the India is entirely different from that of the western world and the companies and persons who are involved in businesses in India should gripe the Indian culture to its full extent. When going to a business merging in India, bring family photos. Indians enjoy talking about each others families, which is matchn as building trust and rapport before doing business. (Czinkota,Ronkainen and Moffet, 2009) echt Business typesetters case Saudi-Arabian Arabia Many organizations from foreign countries entered into the Saudi Arabian market succeeding(a) the crisis it faced in 1970s. But not all were successful as they failed to understand the Saudi Arabian culture. A maj or U.S security political party won a large contract to install security system for a client in Saudi Arabia. The troubles started when the shipments from the U.S. which landed in Saudi Arabia were not released by the custom officials. The reason behind the detainment of the shipments was that the security devices were imprisoned in newspapers which contained fashion photographs of scantly claded women. This offended the cultural sensitivities of the officials of a nation in which majority of the women wear a long garment called Abayah. (Misra and Yadav, 2009)3.2.3 International TradeInternational trade is a broad term, which includes all commercial transactions that take place between nations. Multinational companies are major players in international trade and account for the major proportion of International trade. almost classic examples for international trade are, Ford which makes gear box in its factory in Bordeaux and exports it to assembly plants in different EU countrie s. Spain depends upon Nigeria, Algeria and Libya for 99% of its natural gas requirements. (Misra and Yadav, 2009)3.2.4 International Financial Markets and InstitutionsIrrespective of whether a company or bank engages in international trade, it is important that its managers understand some key aspects of international financial markets. The euro currency market, international monetary system, the foreign exchange market all influence the functioning of markets for goods and services. The euro currency market may offer a low cost borrowing luck the international monetary system may set a framework that may affect many firms and the foreign exchange market determines the cost and availableness of foreign currencies used in business by many firms. (Misra and Yadav, 2009)3.3 Unique CultureInternational business and its by product globalization will ensure and enforce a unique culture around the globe. For example, Pizza which has had its origin in Italy is now widely accepted and consu med all around the world thus integrating the culture and bringing about a unique food culture. Similarly Indian costumes are in high demand these days in the U.S and Europe. So international business is bringing forth a common culture which brushes out all national and cultural barriers. (Ashwathappa, 2009)3.4 International Business ManagementInternational business management is all about develop business operations on an international scale. (Coade,1997). The key features of international business management areThe elements of market analysis which are required to start business operations overseas. focussing on how to influence the international strategy on business get a dynamic market entry strategyEasy ways to search for a hawkish advantage4.0 Why do companies go international?The desire to expand sales and revenue to acquire inputs at least cost and to minimize business and financial risk through geographic diversification has led to the growth of MNCs. The factors that led the companies accelerate their business activities worldwide areMinimize competitive riskExpand salesAcquire resourcesCost4.1 Minimize Competitive RiskCompanies seek to have global presence for defensive reasons. The intense competition between companies in the domestic market incites companies to have global operations.Real Business field Tata Motors Since early 1990s India have been witnessing strong waves of liberalization, privatization, and globalization. The automobile giant in India, Tata motors realized that if it wants to grow then it cannot afford to have business solely to the fortunes of one country as automotive business is highly competitive and the competitiveness depends on the quality, economies of scale and efficiency can be improved if the organization enters foreign market. The senior management of Tata Motors where left with the question whether they should breathe as an exporter of vehicles which they were doing since 1961 or to enter into the international market which can contest with the best in the business. The answer they have zeroed in was to widen its business operations than just exports (Misra and Yadav, 2009).4.2 Acquire ResourcesAnother important motive of companies to set for international business is to acquire resources such as raw materials, capital, products, technology, products or services. The reasons for it would beNon-Availability of resources in the home country.High prices of resources in the home country.To seek resources of better quality/standard.Real Business Case Philips Cheap attention in China brought Philips to China. In 2002 Philips had 23 factories in china which were each wholly owned or joint ventures. Two third of the companys export products were from these plants. According to Gerard Kleiterlee, the president and CEO of Philips Electronics, China is the second largest market for Philips surpassing Germany in the last quarter of 2009. We are one of the largest multinationals in the country ope rating in 600 Chinese cities and employ 15000 people. (Philips.com, 2009)4.3 Minimize RiskOrganizations evermore want to minimize the risk by minimizing the swings in sales and profit. Companies try to mitigate the vulnerability to a single economy by having a broader base in multiple geographies.Real Business Case nest In 2001, Nestle witnessed slower growth in Western Europe and in the U.S. but this was offset by higher growth in Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia. According to Peter Brabeck , Vice chair and CEO of Nestle, Nestle has delivered a good surgical procedure by any measure in the first half of 2002 demonstrating its capacity for growth and performance improvement even in a difficult global environment (Nestle, 2002).4.4 CostCost aspect is a significant motivation for organizations to have inclination towards global business. Many organizations go in for international business to become more competitive internationally by reducing their costs.Real Business Cas e Toshiba The manufacturing of Toshiba laptop is dispersed geographically where the mix of factor costs and skills are most favorable. The manufacturing of laptop components such as retentivity chips and display screens take place in Japan, microprocessors and hard drives made in the U.S. and finally assembly takes place in Singapore from where it is shipped to the U.S, Western Europe and Japan. (Toshiba.com, 2009)5.0 Global Trends shaping International Business5.1 Emerging markets increase their global powerEmerging markets are viewed as the worlds economic growth engine. The rising markets where once seen as home for natural resources, cheap labor and low manufacturing cost. But now these emerging markets are seen as promising markets as they are having rapid population growth, sustained economic development and increment middle class. It is expected that BRIC nations (Brazil,Russia,India and China) would account for 50% of global GDP growth by 2020. (Ernst and Young, 2012)5.2 Cleantech become a competitive advantageMost of the governments and organizations around the world are very well aware about the carbon copy emissions and its repercussions. The cleantech enabled transformation to a low carbon, resource efficient economy will be the source for next industrial revolution. China, India, Brazil and Germany are gaining advantage in solar, wind, biofuels for its energy requirements. (Ernst and Young, 2012)5.3 Global Banking sees recovery through transformationThe financial institutions all around the world are forced to have restrictive changes following the global economic slowdown. (Ernst and Young, 2012)The final shape of global regulatory framework is still not clear but the international banking will change tremendously in following fundamental waysHeightened merged governanceto a greater extent restrictions on priority trading, investments in hedge funds and private equity funds.Executive pay will be limited.More focus on consumer protection.5. 4 Demographic shifts will transform global work forceEven though the global population is on a rise, the availability of skilled workforce is shrinking. The data suggests that the demographic divide will bear between countries with younger skilled population and aging shrinking workforce. The war for talent will be intense in areas which require higher skill levels and education. (Ernst and Young, 2012)5.5 Rapid technology innovation creates a smart, mobile worldLast twenty five years have been marked by digital revolution and it has changed the way we work and communicate. Yet the consumers want more powerful devices and applications, meanwhile businesses are looking for cost-effective technology. Still at that place is room for greater innovation in the areas of business intelligence, smart devices and sully computing which would revolutionize the whole process by which international business is being carried out. (Ernst and Young, 2012)6.0 ConclusionFrom daily bread to fuel, c osmetics to cars, entertainment to essentials, it is hard to see a product without having the label of a foreign brand. In fact international business has transformed our lifestyle, culture and tastes. It has to be noted that the positives of international business is overarching than the negatives. International business has served as a bridge for the developing nations to attain the status of developed nation, for underdeveloped nations, it is a ray of hope and for the developed world it is a means to further extend their business operations and supremacy. The good, international business has done to the human kind can never be estimated and the history has proved that the international business activities were blossomed when peace existed between nations. Thus international business can be viewed as symbol of prevailing peace, prosperity and general well being of mankind.